remote/viewer/src/main.rs

//! 主控端 Viewer：QUIC 连接被控端 → 解压帧 → minifb 渲染；采集键鼠上行。
//! HUD：右上角半透明白底参数面板（FPS / RTT / 端到端延迟 / 码率），延迟绿-黄-红分级。

mod keymap;

use anyhow::{bail, Result};
use common::{read_control, write_control, ControlMsg, InputEvent, MouseButton};
use minifb::{Key, MouseMode, Window, WindowOptions};
use openh264::formats::YUVSource;
use rustls::client::danger::{
    HandshakeSignatureValid, ServerCertVerified, ServerCertVerifier,
};
use rustls::pki_types::{CertificateDer, ServerName, UnixTime};
use rustls::{DigitallySignedStruct, SignatureScheme};
use std::collections::HashSet;
use std::net::ToSocketAddrs;
use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, AtomicI64, AtomicU64, Ordering};
use std::sync::{Arc, OnceLock};
use std::time::{Duration, Instant};

/// MVP：跳过服务端证书校验（自签名）。正式版固定公钥/账号绑定。
#[derive(Debug)]
struct SkipVerify;
impl ServerCertVerifier for SkipVerify {
    fn verify_server_cert(
        &self,
        _end_entity: &CertificateDer<'_>,
        _intermediates: &[CertificateDer<'_>],
        _server_name: &ServerName<'_>,
        _ocsp_response: &[u8],
        _now: UnixTime,
    ) -> Result<ServerCertVerified, rustls::Error> {
        Ok(ServerCertVerified::assertion())
    }
    fn verify_tls12_signature(
        &self,
        _message: &[u8],
        _certificate: &CertificateDer<'_>,
        _dss: &DigitallySignedStruct,
    ) -> Result<HandshakeSignatureValid, rustls::Error> {
        Ok(HandshakeSignatureValid::assertion())
    }
    fn verify_tls13_signature(
        &self,
        _message: &[u8],
        _certificate: &CertificateDer<'_>,
        _dss: &DigitallySignedStruct,
    ) -> Result<HandshakeSignatureValid, rustls::Error> {
        Ok(HandshakeSignatureValid::assertion())
    }
    fn supported_verify_schemes(&self) -> Vec<SignatureScheme> {
        vec![
            SignatureScheme::RSA_PKCS1_SHA256,
            SignatureScheme::ECDSA_NISTP256_SHA256,
            SignatureScheme::ED25519,
            SignatureScheme::RSA_PSS_SHA256,
        ]
    }
}

fn parse_args() -> Result<(String, u16, String)> {
    let mut addr = "127.0.0.1".to_string();
    let mut port = 47800u16;
    let mut code = "123456".to_string();
    let a: Vec<String> = std::env::args().collect();
    let mut i = 1;
    while i < a.len() {
        match a[i].as_str() {
            "--addr" => addr = a[i + 1].clone(),
            "--port" => port = a[i + 1].parse()?,
            "--code" => code = a[i + 1].clone(),
            _ => {}
        }
        i += 2;
    }
    Ok((addr, port, code))
}

static T0: OnceLock<Instant> = OnceLock::new();
fn now_ms() -> u64 {
    T0.get().unwrap().elapsed().as_millis() as u64
}

/// 帧到达间隔环形缓冲（取 p95 用）
struct GapRing {
    last: Option<Instant>,
    ring: [u32; 64],
    idx: usize,
    filled: usize,
}

/// 会话统计（HUD 数据源，全部原子量，跨任务共享）
struct Stats {
    /// 最近 RTT ms（0=未知）
    rtt: AtomicU64,
    /// 被控时钟 - 主控时钟 偏移估计 ms（EMA 平滑）
    offset: AtomicI64,
    offset_valid: AtomicBool,
    /// 端到端延迟估计 ms（采集→网络→接收，EMA 平滑）
    e2e: AtomicU64,
    e2e_valid: AtomicBool,
    /// 累计收帧数 / 字节数
    frames: AtomicU64,
    bytes: AtomicU64,
    /// 抖动：相邻帧 |ΔE2E| 的 EMA（ms×16 定点存储避免浮点原子）
    jitter_x16: AtomicU64,
    prev_e2e: AtomicI64,
    /// agent 发送侧（视频下行）QUIC 丢包/发包累计（最近一次 Pong）
    agent_lost: AtomicU64,
    agent_sent: AtomicU64,
    /// H.264 解码失败计数（关键帧自愈验证指标）
    dec_fail: AtomicU64,
    /// 帧到达间隔环形缓冲
    gaps: std::sync::Mutex<GapRing>,
}

impl Default for Stats {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self {
            rtt: AtomicU64::new(0),
            offset: AtomicI64::new(0),
            offset_valid: AtomicBool::new(false),
            e2e: AtomicU64::new(0),
            e2e_valid: AtomicBool::new(false),
            frames: AtomicU64::new(0),
            bytes: AtomicU64::new(0),
            jitter_x16: AtomicU64::new(0),
            prev_e2e: AtomicI64::new(-1),
            agent_lost: AtomicU64::new(0),
            agent_sent: AtomicU64::new(0),
            dec_fail: AtomicU64::new(0),
            gaps: std::sync::Mutex::new(GapRing {
                last: None,
                ring: [0; 64],
                idx: 0,
                filled: 0,
            }),
        }
    }
}

impl Stats {
    /// 记录一次帧到达：更新间隔环形缓冲与抖动 EMA
    fn on_frame_arrival(&self, est: Option<i64>) {
        let now = Instant::now();
        if let Ok(mut g) = self.gaps.lock() {
            if let Some(t) = g.last {
                let gap = (now - t).as_millis() as u32;
                let i = g.idx;
                g.ring[i] = gap;
                g.idx = (i + 1) % g.ring.len();
                g.filled = (g.filled + 1).min(g.ring.len());
            }
            g.last = Some(now);
        }
        // 抖动 = |本帧E2E - 上帧E2E| 的 EMA（RFC3550 风格，÷16 衰减）
        if let Some(e) = est {
            let prev = self.prev_e2e.load(Ordering::Relaxed);
            self.prev_e2e.store(e, Ordering::Relaxed);
            if prev >= 0 {
                let d = (e - prev).unsigned_abs() as u64;
                let old = self.jitter_x16.load(Ordering::Relaxed);
                let sm = if old == 0 { d * 16 } else { old + d * 16 / 16 - old / 16 };
                self.jitter_x16.store(sm, Ordering::Relaxed);
            }
        }
    }

    /// 帧间隔 p95（ms），样本不足返回 None
    fn gap_p95(&self) -> Option<u32> {
        let g = self.gaps.lock().ok()?;
        if g.filled < 8 {
            return None;
        }
        let mut v: Vec<u32> = g.ring[..g.filled].to_vec();
        v.sort_unstable();
        v.get(v.len() * 95 / 100).copied()
    }
}

fn main() -> Result<()> {
    let (addr, port, code) = parse_args()?;
    T0.set(Instant::now()).ok();
    let rt = tokio::runtime::Builder::new_multi_thread()
        .enable_all()
        .build()?;
    rt.block_on(run(addr, port, code))
}

async fn run(addr: String, port: u16, code: String) -> Result<()> {
    rustls::crypto::ring::default_provider()
        .install_default()
        .ok();

    let tls = rustls::ClientConfig::builder()
        .dangerous()
        .with_custom_certificate_verifier(Arc::new(SkipVerify))
        .with_no_client_auth();
    let qc: quinn::crypto::rustls::QuicClientConfig = Arc::new(tls).try_into()?;
    // 接收窗口放大：视频是下行大流量方向，默认 512KB 流窗口会死锁吞吐
    let mut transport = quinn::TransportConfig::default();
    transport.receive_window(quinn::VarInt::from_u32(16 * 1024 * 1024));
    transport.stream_receive_window(quinn::VarInt::from_u32(8 * 1024 * 1024));
    let mut client_config = quinn::ClientConfig::new(Arc::new(qc));
    client_config.transport_config(Arc::new(transport));
    let mut endpoint = quinn::Endpoint::client("0.0.0.0:0".parse()?)?;
    endpoint.set_default_client_config(client_config);

    let sock_addr = (addr.as_str(), port)
        .to_socket_addrs()?
        .next()
        .ok_or_else(|| anyhow::anyhow!("resolve failed: {addr}"))?;
    let conn = endpoint
        .connect(sock_addr, "localhost")?
        .await
        .map_err(|e| anyhow::anyhow!("connect {addr}:{port} failed: {e}"))?;
    println!("[viewer] connected to {addr}:{port}");

    let (mut send, mut recv) = conn.open_bi().await?;

    write_control(&mut send, &ControlMsg::Auth { code }).await?;
    match read_control(&mut recv).await? {
        ControlMsg::AuthOk { width, height } => {
            println!("[viewer] auth ok, remote desktop {width}x{height}");
            // 流 2：键鼠输入 + Ping/Pong 独立通道，不与视频流竞争
            let (isend, irecv) = conn.open_bi().await?;
            session(isend, irecv, recv, width, height)
        }
        ControlMsg::AuthFail(e) => bail!("auth failed: {e}"),
        m => bail!("unexpected message: {m:?}"),
    }
}

fn session(
    send: quinn::SendStream,
    mut irecv: quinn::RecvStream,
    mut recv: quinn::RecvStream,
    width: u32,
    height: u32,
) -> Result<()> {
    let (w, h) = (width as usize, height as usize);
    let stats = Arc::new(Stats::default());

    // 读任务（流 1）：H.264 解码 → RGB → 单槽 latest-wins；同时统计端到端延迟与流量
    // 帧格式 (src_w, src_h, rgb)；(0,0,_) = 解码失败占位，触发 KeyFrameReq
    // 单槽而非无界队列：渲染跟不上 60fps 到达率时旧帧直接被覆盖，绝不积压
    //（无界 mpsc 在 NVENC 60fps 下会无限积压 → 延迟线性增长 + 渲染 drain 时
    //  长时间阻塞窗口消息泵 → 窗口假死、HUD 停刷新）
    let latest: Arc<std::sync::Mutex<Option<(u32, u32, Vec<u8>)>>> =
        Arc::new(std::sync::Mutex::new(None));
    {
        let stats = stats.clone();
        let latest = latest.clone();
        let mut decoder = openh264::decoder::Decoder::new()
            .map_err(|e| anyhow::anyhow!("decoder init failed: {e}"))?;
        tokio::spawn(async move {
            let mut size_logged = false;
            loop {
                match common::read_video_frame(&mut recv).await {
                    Ok((hdr, payload)) => {
                        stats.bytes.fetch_add(payload.len() as u64, Ordering::Relaxed);
                        stats.frames.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
                        // 端到端延迟 = 接收时刻 - 时钟偏移 - 采集时刻（EMA 平滑）
                        let mut est = None;
                        if stats.offset_valid.load(Ordering::Relaxed) {
                            let e =
                                now_ms() as i64 - stats.offset.load(Ordering::Relaxed)
                                    - hdr.ts_ms as i64;
                            if (0..5000).contains(&e) {
                                let old = stats.e2e.load(Ordering::Relaxed) as i64;
                                let sm = if stats.e2e_valid.load(Ordering::Relaxed) {
                                    (old * 4 + e) / 5
                                } else {
                                    e
                                };
                                stats.e2e.store(sm as u64, Ordering::Relaxed);
                                stats.e2e_valid.store(true, Ordering::Relaxed);
                                est = Some(sm);
                            }
                        }
                        stats.on_frame_arrival(est);
                        match decoder.decode(&payload) {
                            Ok(Some(yuv)) => {
                                let (dw, dh) = yuv.dimensions();
                                let (dw, dh) = (dw as u32, dh as u32);
                                if !size_logged {
                                    size_logged = true;
                                    eprintln!(
                                        "[viewer] decoded frame {dw}x{dh} (window {}x{})",
                                        hdr.width, hdr.height
                                    );
                                }
                                let mut rgb = vec![0u8; dw as usize * dh as usize * 3];
                                yuv.write_rgb8(&mut rgb);
                                // latest-wins：直接覆盖旧帧，无积压
                                if let Ok(mut slot) = latest.lock() {
                                    *slot = Some((dw, dh, rgb));
                                }
                            }
                            Ok(None) => {}
                            Err(e) => {
                                // 解码异常：请求被控端强制关键帧
                                stats.dec_fail.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
                                eprintln!("[viewer] decode failed: {e}, request keyframe");
                                if let Ok(mut slot) = latest.lock() {
                                    *slot = Some((0, 0, Vec::new()));
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    Err(e) => {
                        eprintln!("[viewer] stream closed: {e}");
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
        });
    }

    // 读任务（流 2）：Pong → RTT 与时钟偏移估计
    {
        let stats = stats.clone();
        tokio::spawn(async move {
            loop {
                match read_control(&mut irecv).await {
                    Ok(ControlMsg::Pong { t, agent_ts, lost, sent }) => {
                        let r = now_ms();
                        stats.rtt.store(r.saturating_sub(t), Ordering::Relaxed);
                        stats.agent_lost.store(lost, Ordering::Relaxed);
                        stats.agent_sent.store(sent, Ordering::Relaxed);
                        // agent_ts ≈ (t+r)/2 时刻的 agent 时钟读数 → 偏移 EMA
                        let est = agent_ts as i64 - ((t + r) / 2) as i64;
                        let old = stats.offset.load(Ordering::Relaxed);
                        let sm = if stats.offset_valid.load(Ordering::Relaxed) {
                            (old * 3 + est) / 4
                        } else {
                            est
                        };
                        stats.offset.store(sm, Ordering::Relaxed);
                        stats.offset_valid.store(true, Ordering::Relaxed);
                    }
                    Ok(_) => {}
                    Err(_) => break,
                }
            }
        });
    }

    // 写任务（流 2）：输入 / Ping
    let (msg_tx, mut msg_rx) = tokio::sync::mpsc::unbounded_channel::<Vec<u8>>();
    tokio::spawn(async move {
        let mut send = send;
        while let Some(b) = msg_rx.recv().await {
            if send.write_all(&b).await.is_err() {
                break;
            }
        }
        let _ = send.finish();
    });
    let push = |tx: &tokio::sync::mpsc::UnboundedSender<Vec<u8>>, m: ControlMsg| {
        let _ = tx.send(common::encode_control(&m));
    };
    // 入会立即请求 IDR：避免从 GOP 中间接入收到裸 P 帧解码失败导致启动黑屏
    push(&msg_tx, ControlMsg::KeyFrameReq);

    let mut window = Window::new(
        "mvp-remote v0.7-LowLatency (Esc 退出)",
        w,
        h,
        WindowOptions {
            resize: false,
            ..Default::default()
        },
    )?;

    let mut buffer = vec![0u32; w * h];
    let mut prev_keys: HashSet<Key> = HashSet::new();
    let mut prev_btns = [false; 3];
    let mut last_pos: Option<(u16, u16)> = None;
    let mut dirty = false;
    let mut last_ping = Instant::now() - Duration::from_secs(1);
    // HUD 每秒刷新的统计基线
    let mut hud_last = Instant::now();
    let mut hud_frames = 0u64;
    let mut hud_bytes = 0u64;
    let mut hud_fps = 0u64;
    let mut hud_mbps = 0f64;
    let mut hud_lost = 0u64;
    let mut hud_sent = 0u64;

    loop {
        if !window.is_open() || window.is_key_down(Key::Escape) {
            break;
        }

        // 0) 每 500ms 发一次 Ping（RTT/时钟偏移测量）
        if last_ping.elapsed() >= Duration::from_millis(500) {
            last_ping = Instant::now();
            push(&msg_tx, ControlMsg::Ping(now_ms()));
        }

        // 1) 渲染最新帧（单槽 latest-wins：每迭代只取最新一帧，天然防积压）
        if let Ok(mut slot) = latest.lock() {
            if let Some((sw, sh, raw)) = slot.take() {
                if raw.is_empty() {
                    push(&msg_tx, ControlMsg::KeyFrameReq);
                } else if sw > 0 && sh > 0 {
                    blit(&mut buffer, w, h, &raw, sw as usize, sh as usize);
                    dirty = true;
                }
            }
        }

        // 2) 键盘
        let keys: HashSet<Key> = window.get_keys().into_iter().collect();
        for k in keys.difference(&prev_keys) {
            if let Some((sc, ext)) = keymap::map(*k) {
                push(
                    &msg_tx,
                    ControlMsg::Input(InputEvent::KeyDown {
                        scancode: sc,
                        extended: ext,
                    }),
                );
            }
        }
        for k in prev_keys.difference(&keys) {
            if let Some((sc, ext)) = keymap::map(*k) {
                push(
                    &msg_tx,
                    ControlMsg::Input(InputEvent::KeyUp {
                        scancode: sc,
                        extended: ext,
                    }),
                );
            }
        }
        prev_keys = keys;

        // 3) 鼠标移动（窗口坐标 → 虚拟桌面归一化 0..65535；位置变化才发送）
        if let Some((x, y)) = window.get_mouse_pos(MouseMode::Discard) {
            let nx = ((x / w as f32) * 65535.0).clamp(0.0, 65535.0) as u16;
            let ny = ((y / h as f32) * 65535.0).clamp(0.0, 65535.0) as u16;
            if last_pos != Some((nx, ny)) {
                last_pos = Some((nx, ny));
                push(&msg_tx, ControlMsg::Input(InputEvent::MouseMove { x: nx, y: ny }));
            }
        }

        // 4) 鼠标按键（边沿触发）
        for (i, (btn, mfb)) in BTN_MAP.iter().enumerate() {
            let down = window.get_mouse_down(*mfb);
            if down != prev_btns[i] {
                prev_btns[i] = down;
                push(
                    &msg_tx,
                    ControlMsg::Input(if down {
                        InputEvent::MouseDown(*btn)
                    } else {
                        InputEvent::MouseUp(*btn)
                    }),
                );
            }
        }

        // 5) 滚轮
        if let Some((_, dy)) = window.get_scroll_wheel() {
            if dy.abs() >= 1.0 {
                push(
                    &msg_tx,
                    ControlMsg::Input(InputEvent::Wheel { dy: dy as i32 * 120 }),
                );
            }
        }

        // 6) HUD：指标每秒刷新一次；每秒至少强制呈现一次（视频冻结/黑屏时 HUD 依然可见）
        let mut need_present = dirty;
        let (hud_loss, hud_jit, hud_p95, hud_dec);
        if hud_last.elapsed() >= Duration::from_secs(1) {
            let f = stats.frames.load(Ordering::Relaxed);
            let b = stats.bytes.load(Ordering::Relaxed);
            hud_fps = f.saturating_sub(hud_frames);
            hud_mbps = (b.saturating_sub(hud_bytes)) as f64 * 8.0 / 1e6;
            hud_frames = f;
            hud_bytes = b;
            // 丢包率 = Δlost / Δsent（agent 发送方向，随 Pong 同步）
            let l = stats.agent_lost.load(Ordering::Relaxed);
            let s = stats.agent_sent.load(Ordering::Relaxed);
            hud_loss = if s > hud_sent {
                ((l - hud_lost) as f64 / (s - hud_sent) as f64 * 100.0).min(99.9)
            } else {
                -1.0
            };
            hud_lost = l;
            hud_sent = s;
            hud_jit = stats.jitter_x16.load(Ordering::Relaxed) / 16;
            hud_p95 = stats.gap_p95();
            hud_dec = stats.dec_fail.load(Ordering::Relaxed);
            hud_last = Instant::now();
            need_present = true; // HUD 面板每秒至少重绘一次
        } else {
            hud_loss = f64::NAN;
            hud_jit = 0;
            hud_p95 = None;
            hud_dec = 0;
        }
        if need_present {
            let rtt = stats.rtt.load(Ordering::Relaxed);
            let e2e = stats.e2e.load(Ordering::Relaxed);
            let e2e_ok = stats.e2e_valid.load(Ordering::Relaxed);
            let loss_str = if hud_loss.is_nan() {
                "--".to_string()
            } else if hud_loss < 0.0 {
                "--".to_string()
            } else {
                format!("{hud_loss:.1}%")
            };
            let loss_c = if hud_loss.is_nan() || hud_loss < 0.0 {
                C_GRAY
            } else {
                lat_color(hud_loss < 1.0, hud_loss < 5.0)
            };
            let jit_c = lat_color(hud_jit < 10, hud_jit < 30);
            let p95_c = hud_p95
                .map(|p| lat_color(p < 60, p < 150))
                .unwrap_or(C_GRAY);
            draw_hud(
                &mut buffer,
                w,
                &[
                    ("FPS", &format!("{hud_fps}"), lat_color(hud_fps >= 25, hud_fps >= 15)),
                    ("RTT", &format!("{rtt}ms"), lat_color(rtt < 50 && rtt > 0, rtt < 100)),
                    (
                        "E2E",
                        &if e2e_ok { format!("{e2e}ms") } else { "--".into() },
                        lat_color(e2e < 100, e2e < 200),
                    ),
                    ("JIT", &format!("{hud_jit}ms"), jit_c),
                    ("P95", &hud_p95.map(|p| format!("{p}ms")).unwrap_or("--".into()), p95_c),
                    ("LOSS", &loss_str, loss_c),
                    ("DECFAIL", &format!("{hud_dec}"), if hud_dec == 0 { C_GRAY } else { C_RED }),
                    ("RATE", &format!("{:.0}MBP", hud_mbps), C_GRAY),
                    ("RES", &format!("{w}x{h}"), C_GRAY),
                ],
            );
            window.update_with_buffer(&buffer, w, h)?;
            dirty = false;
        } else {
            window.update();
            std::thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(4));
        }
    }

    println!("[viewer] closed");
    Ok(())
}

const BTN_MAP: [(MouseButton, minifb::MouseButton); 3] = [
    (MouseButton::Left, minifb::MouseButton::Left),
    (MouseButton::Right, minifb::MouseButton::Right),
    (MouseButton::Middle, minifb::MouseButton::Middle),
];

// ---------- HUD ----------

const C_GREEN: u32 = 0x0A8F3C;
const C_AMBER: u32 = 0xC07000;
const C_RED: u32 = 0xC02222;
const C_GRAY: u32 = 0x3A3A3A;

fn lat_color(good: bool, mid: bool) -> u32 {
    if good {
        C_GREEN
    } else if mid {
        C_AMBER
    } else {
        C_RED
    }
}

/// 5x7 点阵字体（列优先，bit0=顶行）。覆盖 HUD 用到的字符。
fn glyph(c: u8) -> [u8; 5] {
    match c {
        b'0' => [0x3E, 0x51, 0x49, 0x45, 0x3E],
        b'1' => [0x00, 0x42, 0x7F, 0x40, 0x00],
        b'2' => [0x42, 0x61, 0x51, 0x49, 0x46],
        b'3' => [0x21, 0x41, 0x45, 0x4B, 0x31],
        b'4' => [0x18, 0x14, 0x12, 0x7F, 0x10],
        b'5' => [0x27, 0x45, 0x45, 0x45, 0x39],
        b'6' => [0x3C, 0x4A, 0x49, 0x49, 0x30],
        b'7' => [0x01, 0x71, 0x09, 0x05, 0x03],
        b'8' => [0x36, 0x49, 0x49, 0x49, 0x36],
        b'9' => [0x06, 0x49, 0x49, 0x29, 0x1E],
        b'A' => [0x7E, 0x11, 0x11, 0x11, 0x7E],
        b'B' => [0x7F, 0x49, 0x49, 0x49, 0x36],
        b'C' => [0x3E, 0x41, 0x41, 0x41, 0x22],
        b'D' => [0x7F, 0x41, 0x41, 0x22, 0x1C],
        b'E' => [0x7F, 0x49, 0x49, 0x49, 0x41],
        b'F' => [0x7F, 0x09, 0x09, 0x09, 0x01],
        b'G' => [0x3E, 0x41, 0x49, 0x49, 0x7A],
        b'H' => [0x7F, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x7F],
        b'I' => [0x00, 0x41, 0x7F, 0x41, 0x00],
        b'J' => [0x20, 0x40, 0x41, 0x3F, 0x01],
        b'K' => [0x7F, 0x08, 0x14, 0x22, 0x41],
        b'L' => [0x7F, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40],
        b'M' => [0x7F, 0x02, 0x0C, 0x02, 0x7F],
        b'N' => [0x7F, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x7F],
        b'O' => [0x3E, 0x41, 0x41, 0x41, 0x3E],
        b'P' => [0x7F, 0x09, 0x09, 0x09, 0x06],
        b'Q' => [0x3E, 0x41, 0x51, 0x21, 0x5E],
        b'R' => [0x7F, 0x09, 0x19, 0x29, 0x46],
        b'S' => [0x46, 0x49, 0x49, 0x49, 0x31],
        b'T' => [0x01, 0x01, 0x7F, 0x01, 0x01],
        b'U' => [0x3F, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x3F],
        b'V' => [0x1F, 0x20, 0x40, 0x20, 0x1F],
        b'W' => [0x7F, 0x20, 0x18, 0x20, 0x7F],
        b'X' => [0x63, 0x14, 0x08, 0x14, 0x63],
        b'Y' => [0x03, 0x04, 0x78, 0x04, 0x03],
        b'Z' => [0x61, 0x51, 0x49, 0x45, 0x43],
        b':' => [0x00, 0x36, 0x36, 0x00, 0x00],
        b'.' => [0x00, 0x60, 0x60, 0x00, 0x00],
        b'-' => [0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08],
        b'%' => [0x13, 0x18, 0x04, 0x0A, 0x11],
        b' ' => [0x00; 5],
        _ => [0x00; 5],
    }
}

/// 在 (x,y) 处以 scale 倍率画一行文字
fn draw_text(
    buffer: &mut [u32],
    w: usize,
    mut x: usize,
    y: usize,
    s: &str,
    color: u32,
    scale: usize,
) {
    let h = buffer.len() / w.max(1);
    for ch in s.bytes() {
        let g = glyph(ch.to_ascii_uppercase());
        for (col, bits) in g.iter().enumerate() {
            for row in 0..7 {
                if bits & (1 << row) != 0 {
                    for sy in 0..scale {
                        for sx in 0..scale {
                            let px = x + col * scale + sx;
                            let py = y + row * scale + sy;
                            if px < w && py < h {
                                buffer[py * w + px] = color;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        x += 6 * scale;
    }
}

/// 右上角半透明白底 HUD：lines = [(标签, 值, 颜色)]
fn draw_hud(buffer: &mut [u32], w: usize, lines: &[(&str, &str, u32)]) {
    const SCALE: usize = 2;
    const PAD: usize = 10;
    const MARGIN: usize = 12;
    const LINE: usize = 8 * SCALE;

    let h = buffer.len() / w.max(1);
    let line_w = |l: &(&str, &str, u32)| (l.0.len() + 2 + l.1.len()) * 6 * SCALE;
    let box_w = lines.iter().map(line_w).max().unwrap_or(0) + PAD * 2;
    let box_h = lines.len() * LINE + PAD * 2;
    let x0 = w.saturating_sub(box_w + MARGIN);
    let y0 = MARGIN;

    // 半透明白底：px' = px*0.35 + 255*0.65
    for by in y0..(y0 + box_h).min(h) {
        for bx in x0..(x0 + box_w).min(w) {
            let p = &mut buffer[by * w + bx];
            let v = *p;
            let r = (v >> 16) & 0xFF;
            let g = (v >> 8) & 0xFF;
            let b = v & 0xFF;
            let mix = |c: u32| c * 89 / 255 + 166;
            *p = (mix(r) << 16) | (mix(g) << 8) | mix(b);
        }
    }

    for (i, (label, value, color)) in lines.iter().enumerate() {
        let mut x = x0 + PAD;
        let y = y0 + PAD + i * LINE;
        draw_text(buffer, w, x, y, label, C_GRAY, SCALE);
        x += (label.len() + 2) * 6 * SCALE;
        draw_text(buffer, w, x, y, value, *color, SCALE);
    }
}

/// RGB888 字节（openh264 解码输出）→ minifb 0RGB u32 缓冲。
/// 支持源尺寸与窗口不同（解码器可能对齐到 16 倍数，如 1080→1088）：
/// 逐行拷贝重叠区域，源小于窗口时右侧/下方留黑。
fn blit(buffer: &mut [u32], w: usize, h: usize, raw: &[u8], dw: usize, dh: usize) {
    let cw = w.min(dw);
    let ch = h.min(dh);
    for row in 0..ch {
        let src = &raw[row * dw * 3..row * dw * 3 + cw * 3];
        let dst = &mut buffer[row * w..row * w + cw];
        for (px, chunk) in dst.iter_mut().zip(src.chunks_exact(3)) {
            *px = ((chunk[0] as u32) << 16) | ((chunk[1] as u32) << 8) | chunk[2] as u32;
        }
    }
}