490 lines
18 KiB
Python
490 lines
18 KiB
Python
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"""跨平台 MySQL 备份：一致位点、binlog 完整链、独立容器恢复、只读检查。"""
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import argparse
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import gzip
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import hashlib
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import json
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import os
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import re
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import secrets
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import shutil
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import subprocess
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import sys
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import time
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from datetime import UTC, datetime
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from itertools import pairwise
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from pathlib import Path
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ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1]
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IDENT = re.compile(r"^[A-Za-z][A-Za-z0-9_]{0,63}$")
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LOG = re.compile(r"^binlog\.\d{6,}$")
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class BackupError(RuntimeError):
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pass
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def run(args, *, data=None, env=None):
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result = subprocess.run(args, input=data, capture_output=True, env=env, check=False)
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if result.returncode:
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# 原始数据库错误可能含业务内容；只报告操作及退出状态。
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raise BackupError(f"{args[0]} 操作失败，退出码 {result.returncode}")
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return result.stdout
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def mysql(container, sql, database=None):
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args = [
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"docker",
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"exec",
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"-i",
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container,
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"sh",
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"-c",
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# 官方镜像初始化期间会启动禁用 TCP 的临时服务，不能把它当作就绪实例。
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'export MYSQL_PWD="$MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD"; '
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'exec mysql -uroot --host=127.0.0.1 --protocol=TCP -N -B "$@"',
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"mysql",
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]
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if database:
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args.append(database)
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return run(args, data=sql.encode()).decode("utf-8").strip()
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def json_write(path, value):
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temporary = path.with_suffix(path.suffix + ".partial")
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temporary.write_text(
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json.dumps(value, ensure_ascii=False, indent=2), encoding="utf-8"
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)
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temporary.replace(path)
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def checksum(path):
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with path.open("rb") as stream:
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return hashlib.file_digest(stream, "sha256").hexdigest()
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def stream_to(args, source):
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"""按块恢复大库和日志，避免将全部数据加载进内存。"""
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with subprocess.Popen(
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args,
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stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
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stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL,
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stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL,
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) as process:
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shutil.copyfileobj(source, process.stdin, 1024 * 1024)
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process.stdin.close()
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if process.wait() != 0:
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raise BackupError("恢复数据流执行失败")
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def logs(container):
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rows = [r.split("\t")[0] for r in mysql(container, "SHOW BINARY LOGS").splitlines()]
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if not rows or any(not LOG.fullmatch(r) for r in rows):
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raise BackupError("binlog 未开启或文件名不受支持")
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return rows
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def position(container):
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parts = mysql(container, "SHOW MASTER STATUS").split("\t")
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if len(parts) < 2 or not LOG.fullmatch(parts[0]):
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raise BackupError("无法获得 binlog 位点")
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return {"file": parts[0], "position": int(parts[1])}
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def stream_gzip(args, out):
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temporary = out.with_suffix(out.suffix + ".partial")
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with subprocess.Popen(
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args, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL
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) as process:
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with gzip.open(temporary, "wb") as dest:
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shutil.copyfileobj(process.stdout, dest, 1024 * 1024)
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if process.wait() != 0:
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raise BackupError("备份流失败，未发布成功清单，临时文件保留供核对")
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temporary.replace(out)
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return {"file": out.name, "sha256": checksum(out)}
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def full(args):
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stamp = (
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datetime.now(UTC).strftime("%Y%m%dT%H%M%SZ")
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+ "_"
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+ secrets.token_hex(3)
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)
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out = args.directory / f"full_{stamp}.sql.gz"
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server = mysql(args.container, "SELECT @@server_uuid")
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binary = logs(args.container) # 关闭 binlog 时不生成无法续接的全量。
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command = [
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"docker",
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"exec",
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args.container,
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"sh",
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"-c",
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(
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'export MYSQL_PWD="$MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD"; exec mysqldump -uroot '
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"--single-transaction --source-data=2 --set-gtid-purged=OFF "
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'--routines --events --triggers --hex-blob --no-tablespaces "$1"'
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),
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"backup",
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args.database,
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]
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entry = stream_gzip(command, out)
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point, completed, tables = None, False, []
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with gzip.open(out, "rt", encoding="utf-8") as stream:
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for line in stream:
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match = re.search(
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r"(?:SOURCE|MASTER)_LOG_FILE='([^']+)', (?:SOURCE|MASTER)_LOG_POS=(\d+)",
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line,
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)
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if match:
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point = {"file": match[1], "position": int(match[2])}
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table = re.match(r"CREATE TABLE `([^`]+)`", line)
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if table:
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tables.append(table[1])
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completed = completed or line.startswith("-- Dump completed on ")
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if not completed or not point or not tables or not LOG.fullmatch(point["file"]):
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raise BackupError("全量缺少完成标识、业务表或一致快照位点，不能作为恢复基线")
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manifest = {
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"kind": "FULL",
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"database": args.database,
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"server_uuid": server,
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"created_at": datetime.now(UTC).isoformat(),
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"image": args.image,
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"point": point,
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"entries": [entry],
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"tables": sorted(tables),
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"logs_seen": binary,
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}
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name = f"full_{stamp}.json"
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json_write(args.directory / name, manifest)
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json_write(
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args.directory / "state.json",
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{
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"full": name,
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"point": point,
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"increments": [],
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"checked_at": datetime.now(UTC).isoformat(),
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},
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)
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return {"status": "SUCCEEDED", "manifest": name, "point": point}
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def load_manifest(directory, name):
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if Path(name).name != name:
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raise BackupError("备份清单必须是备份目录内的文件名")
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value = json.loads((directory / name).read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
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for entry in value["entries"]:
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filename = entry["file"]
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if (
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Path(filename).name != filename
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or checksum(directory / filename) != entry["sha256"]
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):
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raise BackupError("备份文件缺失或 SHA-256 不符")
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return value
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def incremental(args):
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state_path = args.directory / "state.json"
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if not state_path.exists():
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raise BackupError("请先完成全量备份")
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state = json.loads(state_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
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baseline = load_manifest(args.directory, state["full"])
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if baseline["database"] != args.database or baseline["server_uuid"] != mysql(
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args.container, "SELECT @@server_uuid"
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):
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raise BackupError("数据库或服务器身份已变化，必须先建立新的全量基线")
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current = position(args.container)
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if state["point"] == current:
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state["checked_at"] = datetime.now(UTC).isoformat()
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json_write(state_path, state)
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return {"status": "UNCHANGED", "point": current}
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available = logs(args.container)
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if state["point"]["file"] not in available:
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raise BackupError("增量链起点已被清理，必须重新全量备份")
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mysql(args.container, "FLUSH BINARY LOGS")
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end = position(args.container)
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available = logs(args.container)
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names = available[
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available.index(state["point"]["file"]) : available.index(end["file"]) + 1
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]
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numbers = [int(n.split(".")[1]) for n in names]
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if any(b != a + 1 for a, b in pairwise(numbers)):
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raise BackupError("binlog 序号存在缺口，拒绝发布增量成功")
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stamp = secrets.token_hex(8)
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entries = []
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for name in names:
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# 轮转后读取位点前仍可能有事务写入新文件；末文件也要归档到该位点，
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# 否则下一次从 end 续接时会永久跳过这些事务。固定字节边界避免重复重放。
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command = ["docker", "exec", args.container]
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if name == end["file"]:
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command.extend(["head", "-c", str(end["position"]), f"/var/lib/mysql/{name}"])
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else:
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command.extend(["cat", f"/var/lib/mysql/{name}"])
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entry = stream_gzip(
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command,
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args.directory / f"{stamp}_{name}.gz",
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)
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entry["binlog"] = name
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entries.append(entry)
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manifest_name = f"increment_{stamp}.json"
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manifest = {
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"kind": "INCREMENTAL",
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"full": state["full"],
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"start": state["point"],
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"end": end,
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"entries": entries,
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"created_at": datetime.now(UTC).isoformat(),
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}
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json_write(args.directory / manifest_name, manifest)
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state["increments"].append(manifest_name)
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state["point"] = end
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state["checked_at"] = datetime.now(UTC).isoformat()
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json_write(state_path, state)
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return {"status": "SUCCEEDED", "manifest": manifest_name, "files": len(entries)}
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def checked_chain(args):
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state = json.loads((args.directory / "state.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
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baseline = load_manifest(args.directory, state["full"])
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point, increments = baseline["point"], []
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for name in state["increments"]:
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change = load_manifest(args.directory, name)
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if change["full"] != state["full"] or change["start"] != point:
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raise BackupError("增量清单不连续或跨全量基线")
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increments.append(change)
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point = change["end"]
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if point != state["point"]:
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raise BackupError("增量末位点与状态不一致")
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return baseline, increments
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def restore(args):
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"""只创建随机命名、独立可写层的临时 MySQL；不接触已有数据卷。"""
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baseline, increments = checked_chain(args)
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target = "payroll-drill-" + secrets.token_hex(8)
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env = os.environ | {"MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD": secrets.token_urlsafe(32)}
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volume = target + "-data"
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run(["docker", "volume", "create", "--label", "payroll.restore-drill=true", volume])
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run(
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[
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"docker",
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"run",
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"-d",
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"--name",
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target,
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"--label",
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"payroll.restore-drill=true",
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"--mount",
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f"type=volume,source={volume},target=/var/lib/mysql",
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"--env",
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"MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD",
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args.image,
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],
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env=env,
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)
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try:
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for _ in range(300):
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try:
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mysql(target, "SELECT 1")
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break
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except BackupError:
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time.sleep(2)
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else:
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raise BackupError("隔离恢复容器未就绪")
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database = baseline["database"]
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if not IDENT.fullmatch(database):
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raise BackupError("备份数据库名称无效")
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mysql(target, f"CREATE DATABASE `{database}` CHARACTER SET utf8mb4")
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command = [
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"docker",
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"exec",
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"-i",
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target,
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"sh",
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"-c",
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'export MYSQL_PWD="$MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD"; exec mysql -uroot "$1"',
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"restore",
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database,
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]
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with subprocess.Popen(
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command,
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stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
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stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL,
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stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL,
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) as process:
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with gzip.open(
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args.directory / baseline["entries"][0]["file"], "rb"
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) as source:
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shutil.copyfileobj(source, process.stdin, 1024 * 1024)
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process.stdin.close()
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if process.wait() != 0:
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raise BackupError("隔离全量恢复失败")
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for change in increments:
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paths = []
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for entry in change["entries"]:
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name = entry["binlog"]
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if not LOG.fullmatch(name):
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raise BackupError("增量文件名无效")
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with gzip.open(args.directory / entry["file"], "rb") as source:
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stream_to(
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[
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"docker",
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"exec",
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"-i",
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target,
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"sh",
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"-c",
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'cat > "/tmp/$1"',
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|
"archive",
|
|||
|
|
name,
|
|||
|
|
],
|
|||
|
|
source,
|
|||
|
|
)
|
|||
|
|
paths.append(f"/tmp/{name}")
|
|||
|
|
if paths:
|
|||
|
|
# mysqlbinlog 必须在同一次调用中按顺序消费多个文件，保留临时表上下文。
|
|||
|
|
decoder_command = [
|
|||
|
|
"docker",
|
|||
|
|
"exec",
|
|||
|
|
target,
|
|||
|
|
"mysqlbinlog",
|
|||
|
|
"--disable-log-bin",
|
|||
|
|
f"--database={database}",
|
|||
|
|
f"--start-position={change['start']['position']}",
|
|||
|
|
*paths,
|
|||
|
|
]
|
|||
|
|
with subprocess.Popen(
|
|||
|
|
decoder_command, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL
|
|||
|
|
) as decoder:
|
|||
|
|
with subprocess.Popen(
|
|||
|
|
command,
|
|||
|
|
stdin=decoder.stdout,
|
|||
|
|
stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL,
|
|||
|
|
stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL,
|
|||
|
|
) as consumer:
|
|||
|
|
decoder.stdout.close()
|
|||
|
|
consumed = consumer.wait()
|
|||
|
|
if decoder.wait() or consumed:
|
|||
|
|
raise BackupError("增量重放失败，不能将恢复标为成功")
|
|||
|
|
tables = mysql(target, "SHOW TABLES", database).splitlines()
|
|||
|
|
if not increments and sorted(tables) != baseline["tables"]:
|
|||
|
|
raise BackupError("恢复后表清单不符")
|
|||
|
|
counts = {
|
|||
|
|
table: int(mysql(target, f"SELECT COUNT(*) FROM `{table}`", database))
|
|||
|
|
for table in tables
|
|||
|
|
if IDENT.fullmatch(table)
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
result = {
|
|||
|
|
"status": "SUCCEEDED",
|
|||
|
|
"container": target,
|
|||
|
|
"database": database,
|
|||
|
|
"increments": len(increments),
|
|||
|
|
"table_counts": counts,
|
|||
|
|
"scope": "独立容器；生产库未覆盖",
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
json_write(args.directory / f"{target}.json", result)
|
|||
|
|
return result
|
|||
|
|
finally:
|
|||
|
|
# 仅停止本次随机创建且带标签的容器，保留恢复内容供复核，不批量删除历史演练。
|
|||
|
|
run(["docker", "stop", target])
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
def check(args):
|
|||
|
|
baseline, increments = checked_chain(args)
|
|||
|
|
if baseline["database"] != args.database:
|
|||
|
|
raise BackupError("备份数据库与检查目标不符")
|
|||
|
|
age = (
|
|||
|
|
datetime.now(UTC) - datetime.fromisoformat(baseline["created_at"])
|
|||
|
|
).total_seconds()
|
|||
|
|
if age > 26 * 3600:
|
|||
|
|
raise BackupError("最新全量备份超过 26 小时")
|
|||
|
|
uuid = mysql(args.container, "SELECT @@server_uuid")
|
|||
|
|
if uuid != baseline["server_uuid"]:
|
|||
|
|
raise BackupError("运行服务器与备份身份不符")
|
|||
|
|
if mysql(args.container, "SELECT @@innodb_force_recovery") != "0":
|
|||
|
|
raise BackupError("数据库仍处于强制恢复模式")
|
|||
|
|
state = json.loads((args.directory / "state.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
|
|||
|
|
checked_at = state.get("checked_at", baseline["created_at"])
|
|||
|
|
if (
|
|||
|
|
datetime.now(UTC) - datetime.fromisoformat(checked_at)
|
|||
|
|
).total_seconds() > 30 * 60:
|
|||
|
|
raise BackupError("增量采集检查超过 30 分钟未运行")
|
|||
|
|
redis = getattr(args, "redis_container", None)
|
|||
|
|
if redis:
|
|||
|
|
pong = run(
|
|||
|
|
[
|
|||
|
|
"docker",
|
|||
|
|
"exec",
|
|||
|
|
redis,
|
|||
|
|
"sh",
|
|||
|
|
"-c",
|
|||
|
|
'REDISCLI_AUTH="$REDIS_PASSWORD" redis-cli --no-auth-warning PING',
|
|||
|
|
]
|
|||
|
|
)
|
|||
|
|
if pong.strip() != b"PONG":
|
|||
|
|
raise BackupError("Redis 探活失败")
|
|||
|
|
stat = shutil.disk_usage(args.directory)
|
|||
|
|
if stat.free / stat.total < 0.1:
|
|||
|
|
raise BackupError("备份盘可用空间低于 10%")
|
|||
|
|
return {
|
|||
|
|
"status": "SUCCEEDED",
|
|||
|
|
"full_age_hours": round(age / 3600, 2),
|
|||
|
|
"increment_count": len(increments),
|
|||
|
|
"free_bytes": stat.free,
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
def main():
|
|||
|
|
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=__doc__)
|
|||
|
|
parser.add_argument(
|
|||
|
|
"action", choices=["full", "incremental", "check", "restore-drill"]
|
|||
|
|
)
|
|||
|
|
parser.add_argument("--container", default="ys-mysql-dev")
|
|||
|
|
parser.add_argument("--database", default="payroll")
|
|||
|
|
parser.add_argument("--directory", type=Path, default=ROOT / "db/backups")
|
|||
|
|
parser.add_argument("--image", default="payroll-mysql-backup:8.0.46")
|
|||
|
|
parser.add_argument("--redis-container", default="ys-redis-dev")
|
|||
|
|
args = parser.parse_args()
|
|||
|
|
if not IDENT.fullmatch(args.database) or not re.fullmatch(
|
|||
|
|
r"[A-Za-z0-9_.-]+", args.container
|
|||
|
|
):
|
|||
|
|
parser.error("容器名或数据库名无效")
|
|||
|
|
args.directory.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
|
|||
|
|
lock = args.directory / ".backup.lock"
|
|||
|
|
try:
|
|||
|
|
with lock.open("x", encoding="utf-8") as stream:
|
|||
|
|
stream.write(str(os.getpid()))
|
|||
|
|
except FileExistsError:
|
|||
|
|
print("备份目录已有活动锁，请核实上次进程状态", file=sys.stderr)
|
|||
|
|
return 1
|
|||
|
|
try:
|
|||
|
|
result = {
|
|||
|
|
"full": full,
|
|||
|
|
"incremental": incremental,
|
|||
|
|
"check": check,
|
|||
|
|
"restore-drill": restore,
|
|||
|
|
}[args.action](args)
|
|||
|
|
json_write(
|
|||
|
|
args.directory / f"last-{args.action}-run.json",
|
|||
|
|
{"finished_at": datetime.now(UTC).isoformat(), **result},
|
|||
|
|
)
|
|||
|
|
print(json.dumps(result, ensure_ascii=False))
|
|||
|
|
return 0
|
|||
|
|
except (BackupError, OSError, ValueError, KeyError) as error:
|
|||
|
|
json_write(
|
|||
|
|
args.directory / "last-failure.json",
|
|||
|
|
{
|
|||
|
|
"finished_at": datetime.now(UTC).isoformat(),
|
|||
|
|
"action": args.action,
|
|||
|
|
"status": "FAILED",
|
|||
|
|
"reason": str(error),
|
|||
|
|
},
|
|||
|
|
)
|
|||
|
|
print(f"操作失败：{error}", file=sys.stderr)
|
|||
|
|
return 1
|
|||
|
|
finally:
|
|||
|
|
lock.unlink()
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
if __name__ == "__main__":
|
|||
|
|
raise SystemExit(main())
|